Grains of Nonferrous and Noble Metals in Iron–Manganese Formations and Igneous Rocks of Submarine Elevations of the Sea of Japan     

O. N. Kolesnik  N. V. Astakhova 《Oceanology》2018,58(1):71-78

Iron–manganese formations and igneous rocks of submarine elevations in the Sea of Japan contain overlapping mineral phases (grains) with quite identical morphology, localization, and chemical composition. Most of the grains conform to oxides, intermetallic compounds, native elements, sulfides, and sulfates in terms of the set of nonferrous, noble, and certain other metals (Cu, Zn, Sn, Pb, Ni, Mo, Ag, Pd, and Pt). The main conclusion that postvolcanic hydrothermal fluids are the key sources of metals is based upon a comparison of the data of electron microprobe analysis of iron–manganese formations and igneous rocks dredged at the same submarine elevations in the Sea of Japan.  相似文献   

Study of some chaotic inflationary models in $$ gravity     

M. Sharif  Iqra Nawazish 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2018,363(4):73

In this paper, we discuss an inflationary scenario via scalar field and fluid cosmology for an anisotropic homogeneous universe model in \(f(R)\) gravity. We consider an equation of state which corresponds to a quasi-de Sitter expansion and investigate the effect of the anisotropy parameter for different values of the deviation parameter. We evaluate potential models like linear, quadratic and quartic models which correspond to chaotic inflation. We construct the observational parameters for a power-law model of \(f(R)\) gravity and construct the graphical analysis of tensor–scalar ratio and spectral index which indicates the consistency of these parameters with Planck 2015 data.  相似文献   

Light Chemical Elements in Stars: Mysteries and Unsolved Problems     

L. S. Lyubimkov 《Astrophysics》2018,61(2):262-285

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Projections of the impacts of climate change on the water deficit and on the precipitation erosive indexes in Mantaro River Basin,Peru     

Sly C. Wongchuig  Carlos R. Mello  Sin C. Chou 《山地科学学报》2018,15(2):264-279

Projections of climate change are essential to guide sustainable development plans in the tropical Andean countries such as Peru. This study assessed the projections of precipitation and potential evaporation, rain erosive potential, and precipitation concentration in the Mantaro River Basin, in the Peruvian Andes, which is important for agriculture and energy production in Peru. We assumed the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) A1B greenhouse gas emission scenario and simulated the global climate change by the HadCM3 global climate model. Due to the steepness of the mountain slopes and the narrowness of the river valley, this study uses the downscaling of the global model simulations by the regional Eta model down to 20-km resolution. The downscaling projections show decrease in the monthly precipitation with respect to the baseline period, especially during the rainy season, between February and April, until the end of the 21st century. Meanwhile, a progressive increase in the monthly evaporation from the baseline period is projected. The Modified Fournier Index (MFI) shows a statistically significant downward trend in the Mantaro River Basin, which suggests a possible reduction in the rain erosive potential. The Precipitation Concentration Index (PCI) shows a statistically significant increasing trend, which indicates increasingly more irregular temporal distribution of precipitation towards the end of the century. The results of this study allow us to conclude that there should be a gradual increase in water deficit and precipitation concentration. Both changes can be negative for agriculture, power generation, and water supply in the Mantaro River Basin in Peru.  相似文献   

Underway Research Aboard the R/V <Emphasis Type="Italic">Akademik Boris Petrov</Emphasis>     

I. A. Nemirovskaya  A. M. Titova 《Oceanology》2018,58(5):760-762

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Steady Lateral Growth of Three-Dimensional Particle Laden Density Currents     

M.R. Moossavi Hekmati  M. Najafi  N. Ashrafi khorasani 《中国海洋工程》2018,32(4):467-475

In this paper the steady lateral growth of three-dimensional turbulent inclined turbidity current is investigated. To simulate the current, an experimental setup is developed to analyze the turbidity current for different regimes in the particle laden density currents environment. The Buckingham's π theorem together with a dimensional analysis is implemented to derive the appropriate non-dimensional variables. The experimental results were normalized and plotted in the form of non-dimensional graphs from which a theoretical model is developed and analyzed. Based on the results obtained for the steady lateral growth, three different regimes, namely, inertia-viscous one as the first regime, buoyancy-viscous and gravity-viscous as the second and third regimes are distinguished within the current.In these regimes, the force balance is between the driving and resisting forces. Namely, in the first regime, the force balance is between the inertia and viscous forces, in the second regime, the buoyancy and viscous forces, and in the third regime, gravity and viscous forces are balanced. The experimental results indicate that the lateral growth rate in the first regime is smaller than that in the second and third regimes due to the magnitude and type of the forces involved in those regimes. According to the graphical results, the three different lateral growth rates appear when the normalized current length is smaller than about 3, between about 3 and 10, and larger than about 10. In those regions,the slopes of the data are different with respect to one another.  相似文献   

甘肃酒泉荒漠戈壁灌木群落优势物种生态位特征     

董雪  李永华  张正国  李思瑶  包岩峰  郝玉光  姚斌 《中国沙漠》2020,40(4):138-145

了解物种利用资源和占据生态空间的能力，对维持完善和科学保育荒漠戈壁植物群落的多样性具有重要意义。在综合反映各生态因子作用的群落类型和海拔梯度组合而成的两条资源轴上，测度分析了甘肃酒泉荒漠戈壁灌木群落主要优势种的生态位特征。结果表明：(1)在群落类型和海拔梯度两条资源轴上，红砂（Reaumuria songarica）、泡泡刺（Nitraria sphaerocarpa）和合头草（Sympegma regelii）的重要值和生态位宽度均较大，说明这些物种适应能力强,能够较好地利用环境资源，分布范围大，作为荒漠戈壁灌木群落中的广域种具有重要的生态地位和作用。(2)荒漠戈壁优势物种间的生态位重叠值多数较小，在群落类型和海拔梯度资源轴上生态位重叠值小于0.5的分别占总种对的62.63%和77.89%。生态位宽度大的物种之间一般生态位重叠值较高，物种利用资源能力强且存在竞争关系；然而，生态位宽度较小的物种与其他物种之间的生态位重叠程度较低，不同物种在环境资源的需求上产生互补，可以和谐共存；生态位宽度小的物种之间生态位重叠值仍较高，物种分布呈斑块现象；因此，生态位重叠与生态位宽度之间无显著相关性。(3)荒漠戈壁优势物种间总体表现为不显著的正关联，表明该植被群落结构及其物种之间处于稳定共存的状态。  相似文献   

Capsizing Probability of Dead Ship Stability in Beam Wind and Wave for Damaged Ship     

Hu  Li-fen  Zhang  Ke-zheng  Li  Xiao-ying  Chang  Run-xin 《中国海洋工程》2019,33(2):245-251

The International Maritime Organization has developed the second-generation intact stability criteria. Thus, damage stability criteria can be established in the future. In order to identity the capsizing probability of damaged ship under dead ship condition, this paper investigates two methods that can be used to research the capsizing probability in time domain, which mainly focus on the nonlinear righting lever GZ curve solution. One method subjects the influence of damaged tanks on the hull shape down to the wind and wave, and the other method is consistent with the real-time calculation of the GZ curve. On the basis of one degree of freedom rolling equation, the solution is Monte Carlo method, and a damaged fishery bureau vessel is taken as a sample ship. In addition, the results of the time-domain capsizing probability under different loading conditions are compared and analyzed. The relation of GM and heeling angle with the capsizing probability is investigated, and its possible reason is analyzed. On the basis of combining the time-domain flooding process with the capsizing probability calculation, this research aims to lay the foundation for the study of capsizing probability in time domain under dead ship condition, as well as provide technical support for capsizing mechanism of dead ship stability and damage stability criteria establishment in waves.  相似文献   

秦皇岛近岸海域绿藻微观繁殖体的分布以及在绿潮形成中的作用   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

韩红宾  宋伟  王宗灵  丁德文  袁超  张学雷  李艳 《海洋学报(英文版)》2019,38(8):72-77

2015年以来，秦皇岛近岸海域暴发了绿潮，对北戴河旅游区的环境和生态系统造成了严重影响。绿藻微观繁殖体在绿潮的形成过程中起到重要作用，主要包括孢子、配子、幼苗和营养片段。绿藻微观繁殖体作为绿潮的“种源”，其分布规律可以反映绿潮的“藻源”位置。本研究于2016年4-9月和2017年1月对秦皇岛近岸海域绿藻微观繁殖体的调查，探究了其分布规律以及生物量变化。结果显示，绿藻微观繁殖体主要分布在近岸海域，由近岸向远岸海域逐渐降低。绿藻微观繁殖体的数量在7、8月份最高，在冬季最低。受绿潮影响严重的海域微观繁殖体数量高于其它海域。秦皇岛近岸海域的绿藻微观繁殖体为该海域绿潮的种源，其分布规律表明秦皇岛近岸海域绿潮起源于本地。  相似文献   

Fully nonlinear heavy ion-acoustic solitary waves in astrophysical degenerate relativistic quantum plasmas     

S. Sultana  R. Schlickeiser 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2018,363(5):103

Fully nonlinear features of heavy ion-acoustic solitary waves (HIASWs) have been investigated in an astrophysical degenerate relativistic quantum plasma (ADRQP) containing relativistically degenerate electrons and non-relativistically degenerate light ion species, and non-degenerate heavy ion species. The pseudo-energy balance equation is derived from the fluid dynamical equations by adopting the well-known Sagdeev-potential approach, and the properties of arbitrary amplitude HIASWs are examined. The small amplitude limit for the propagation of HIASWs is also recovered. The basic features (width, amplitude, polarity, critical Mach number, speed, etc.) of HIASWs are found to be significantly modified by the relativistic effect of the electron species, and also by the variation of the number density of electron, light ion, and heavy ion species. The basic properties of HIASWs, that may propagated in some realistic astrophysical plasma systems (e.g., in white dwarfs), are briefly discussed.  相似文献